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Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation




Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation or PNF is an innovative therapy that is targeted at a group of muscles and involves stretching and contracting these muscles. PNF is considered very effective in nature. Apart from increasing the flexibility of these muscles, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation is also known to enhance the strength of these muscles. It is based on the stretch reflex caused by the stimulation of muscle spindles and tendons. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation was designed around the year 1940 and was applied to patients suffering from paralysis. It proves to be a good therapy to enhance coordination and flexibility in the muscles thus reducing fatigue and pain.

Precautions for Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretch:

Precautions are necessary before performing PNF as soft tissue injury may occur when stress is added to the muscles.
  • It is necessary therefore, that a warming up or conditioning phase be strictly followed.
  • Warm ups are very effective in preparing the body and mind for the therapy process.
  • In addition, if warm ups are performed, this aids in raising the body temperature which in turn raises the muscle temperature. This will maximize the health benefits gained from Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation.


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How to perform Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretches:


  • The recipient takes position on the ground and stretches his body limb until he feels tension in it.
  • Next, for 5-6 seconds, the recipient contracts his muscles and the therapist inhibits all its movements.
  • After the muscle is relaxed, the muscle group is pushed against its range of movement. This process lasts for 30 seconds. After the procedure, relax the muscles for 30 seconds and again repeat the procedure.
  • It is important to note at this point, that if the muscle is injured in some way, its maximum contraction range should not be crossed by applying force.

Types of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretches:


  • Lying Hamstring
  • Lying Crossover
  • Seated Piriformis
  • Lying Piriformis
  • Lying Glute
  • Seated Glute
  • Lying (Prone) Quadriceps
  • Seated Front Deltoid
  • Seated Biceps
  • Overhead Triceps
  • Overhead Lat
  • Behind Head Chest